cautious language in academic writing research

The following is a short extract from an authentic academic text, with the hedging in blue (t… However, it is now recognized that an important feature of academic writing is the concept of cautious language, often called “hedging” or “vague language.” 35. A�ի�:J:�i�!�t��#�Y�T�ϵ!6��u�@D�@�D��v An important feature of academic writing is the concept of cautious language, often called “hedging” or “vague language“. <> Teacher conducts feedback by using visual highlighting & explaining the concepts. It sounds like every single of her subjects loves and respects her. Each of these types of writing has specific language features and purposes. 团�R�#��a����~��Q�jL�����0h8ȰTW��w�0��&ka��$�Ϝp|���8H͌S�y�Oov{_S', �L|qYj��'���4�7έ� /r� �+�tS�9���3,��q��T�x��)�*���i�L������q�������fAXt����w���g�t���Gbn���6d���?¶aUh�n�Q'ª��W��Z[%� q�'�ڻ}��I0�hy���c�5�~&E�$9. x��]ݓ5�w���~��`ʥoi� ���g_����0��a=c8���TUO+U�������k��*�J�2SO>}{��ǫ����?����������O����͓o�^�zsu���͓g�~���������O>�=������=����8�y���Ǐ�n��3���. It’s accepted practice for hedging to be used extensively in good academic writing. ԧ��� It is often believed that academic writing, particularly scientific writing, is factual, simply to convey facts and information. Academic writing is cautious in presenting findings. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.2 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> !Z�;�q�}vh .w�H���X��yi��sha�9��m�:� -�Y�ā���/�����2��0r.�f[�D�X�V9S3�[P��ɹ?rV���|ׂ�Qb��;h�MfG endobj The reason for this is because academic writing usually reports on research, and in your research area there may be information that you have not found, exceptions to the rules that you find, and the situation may change over time. �"�� 2 0 obj It is especially common in the sciences, for example when giving a hypothesis or presenting results, though it is also used in other disciplines to avoid presenting conclusions or ideas as facts, and to distance the writer from the claims being made. An objective tone can be achieved through the use of impersonal language. ��X�#&��t�� 2,��Q's�����Їz�U�p��>kRM���j\�;�v�gB�DӪ%�'�V�7��'�V��2�ؒ�%��$��إ�E t�'��EW�"/��弭���`q��t(@c5��nu� ��. %���� PPT Link in download. Tentative means cautious, or careful. Understanding Academic Writing and Its Jargon. endobj SA�~3W[;s�Z�`��v�9�L��K� �+u��E��]�XH�X����ZN�/B�R����N��RK�T�n��P�~\�l n��kCl�[6��w�F�l�i�'w�Ӌ�m�ٓ�*G��B9bC�-`����� Using hedge words and phrases in academic writing allows you to be academically cautious, to acknowledge the degrees of uncertainty in your statements and claims, rather than claiming something is an absolute truth or fact. One of the most noticeable stylistic aspects of academic communication is the tendency for writers to avoid expressing absolute certainty, where there may be a small degree of uncertainty, and to avoid making over-generalisations, where a small number of exceptions might exist. University assignments are a big challenge, but we can guide you. }����"El�������*�ZXh�{���z�Wk�#���u�4d��.C�\�ҚX1u���"$ {X$@M�d�k[���8�l�w2�|�LYĔ�A|�p�P4#�.O3~F�m�`5�%�tr�f���(A4��>&��y7 3>=��{䮞���6��P$,>i�o�,��)Sȡ�ER��%,v�'�����>6�8ʚ���7��-��!l|�`���|8W�sضЄ)^ዊ)Eh�!���!I%蔇—2F��>:�X��~�X�Pp��{�=��������\:�F�����ݨ��mM�_. It includes a Power Point. Cautious language In the academic world knowledge is socially constructed, that is to say that for new ideas or knowledge to be widely accepted, substantial evidence has to be provided and where possible, findings for research need to be validated with further research conducted in different contexts. For example, in an empirical thesis: you will use critical writing in the literature review to show where there is a gap or opportunity in the existing research 1 0 obj Regardless of your beliefs or feelings you will need to have a strong grasp on the two concepts if you plan to be writing quality paragraphs and essays – be sure to sign up for this course if you want to enhance your academic writing skills. X��t$���U�+ht����ю�UƘz<4d1&���������:7���*Ƒ��$,bw�ݓ���8jL� 2d}��ā8*�n����B&�!�s6��vdAZ�d�ػ̈́���j�%��v}h����k��٠.�*Y��3Xr[�r �=1����\��$�V����ē� ��ӻ��t!��(��%q���3j=�h��1��z���3���%o�UG �ik8Ew���Fh��aANhr�E���z�{4����%�x%�PYP|�؛��i��7�� ��$��h��OH�C��9�|��E��Xu��E�$%�y;Xt��X�$��D��H���dC4�*�E�!X9l[zq������B ��ٚ�P[æ�����Mlj��Ƹ�}ݼtxB��PW��� �h�ؐ�C�35��v~,����݇�'��ݩ0��'$`����ӱ1mtJr�j� X��G��""ԏ���$"T�&������6�ĆA>2���+�-;V�_�餌 a�V��6��D%�Ĉ��R!f�,t��0h �j�M�"G���>뎁-K2�a#U�:V�^��nL�"�9Ľ��Z��*���R[�B�q����2�N��rLJH�M%+������ �z1r0R��q�V�"7�e���\��8lH�T�6���0H���Q�&�7���T����Щ �ĬII,2B��Po�����T�D/�ߝp���͎��|z��qd���~�,��e�P޲�4�(K�!�^Y�]�&�&�� \��k|J��\�ӂB?c��nAa����(A᝖M�3{ m���B�� ��,'��f[|���ԸZ �ߙ�41�hWv^OxΠ���Я_������Գ �~�:v�.7(4���x�������c6�F?C���j� Academic Writing Style In the same way that recipes or letters use a particular style and form of language, academic assignments usually follow a particular style. Hedging in academic writing. There are also 10x practice transformation exercises from informal to formal. endobj �b{�6%�%,�z�q@�r��,2 gC_�"���!������9��#��!G�_�/C�[��;��������iǰ��Y�h�x7ω�;G1�8cN4�w��lW$04FI�#a�5������.�vϭ�,t툗 �n�5�85�� ��T�C����>�Īy�b8Y�_@ʺ-�4����v=,���� (�'�O�R�BX�rO��ٰ!`�!lZ��B���� ������9���;�!Z -��ҝ�[[��S�2��&���la���;)�Ar+`'�Ac}���>�3~e 4�����+� �n��AX��n�;��lٲ�!��3* d�^ղT C��6Znes�7�����ho�n����20 XGf�:�;�ѡ�~��,?u�t�ퟵ�t��܅D��N8��st���.�z�_���!�eb�NT�@�d"x��s�h������q:��I��(޸�ڐ��lѭ�[�;�_�\Rҁ��R{�jct�ų�F�� %PDF-1.5 Let me give you an example of language which is NOT tentative: The Queen of England is very popular and is loved and respected by her subjects. Probably there are … 3 0 obj �ұ�p�O���[H���߳�%�-T����R��R+.,JX�j���`0�s��K�7�\c�Ԗ��⌎�� 51��5k�#*y���-,� #"vR�X��uݼHP{�F������˵�ZN��ҁSl:���A�CV=��Nfy��u�>�v������c/�$�xLX�RGм��� �Z�{9gP�as�����B)�b3hM��iAcd_�����/���(��&�`�*\ ix�� In many academic texts you will need to use more than one type. ��n�8���cC��֝��:vu�9��WHo�e2Ho�:�Fo9���o3�Go5#��[��O�ފ�w?c c8]V@c �9�,`�ְU#��PXrA[�v#C��laa�W�j��G�Q��$�U��I`���y�I��N����z���&Fm�݊e��кP��0�|�=K׭��n�.f��G����[*���5*ޱ�*��5��[�)��o��גD�e��N�ܱ2�г2Ұ�Md`�N)� �nڟw���g��pUt�aGR�bu�8j�_�]V��� Using cautious language; Find the story in your data. Academic writing is generally quite formal, objective (impersonal) and technical.It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational language, such as contractions or informal vocabulary. Hedging, also called caution or cautious language or tentative language or vague language, is a way of softening the language by making the claims or conclusions less absolute. �v��T�^ Research & writing for assignments. Characteristically, academic writing has an objective tone: that is, the language of a written text sounds independent from the writer and reader. This means that there are many instances where the epistemological strength (strength of knowledge) of a statement or claim is … �cS�%�id\�BX�{V ��ݳ9�� �y0ۏ��9w��6�ܖB���i�lm�����aU��)v���U�5}u�c0�8'�. Features of academic writing. �y��>��m����� 杚��s�V��$a᥁Ml"��%�f��)�×��:�A��w\ݼ��nq��,T��F�u4#��=�F7[��G-�$�|��VqX�tH�t^P���yU(�^�X�jiS"� ���ľ9�������,MĠ�g#?Z%���J�/[� hQ ��g@��8-���� �Wq��n� Academic style: 20 key features to writing [updated 2020] This lesson brainstorms academic style / formality in writing. Therefore you need to use cautious language to avoid the possibility of people saying that you are wrong. stream x=���{%�d�v�&�[v���%R��m��[��p�%NŇ\j�t��'=����ܜ��w%ڲ���簂�6 <>>> The very definition of jargon is language specific to a particular sub-group of people.Therefore, in modern university life, jargon represents the specific language and meaning assigned to words and phrases specific to a discipline or area of study. All university students are expected to research and draw on appropriate sources, effectively integrate the sources into their own writing, and correctly reference those sources. ?���lG#׿Ul%W�N���T�0��Rm���aa(;�zt[X��Z��t�N��,���;�V�⼕٦���_��[l?N2�9�b%8N����p In other words, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making. It is impersonal and objective by avoiding direct reference to people or feelings, and instead emphasising objects, facts and … Tentative language is a very important feature of academic writing which overseas students often find difficult. Academic writing may often be cast in cautious language, particularly if the paper is presenting something based more on the author?s expert opinion, rather than definable fact-based research. )G���-��v'MsJ�zw�Wv����}^wV�gMXW�dc� Hedging, or 'being cautious', is an important component of academic style.This section explains what hedging is, then looks at different ways to hedge, namely using introductory verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and some other ways such as adverbs of frequency and introductory phrases. Most theories are open to some modification. ;�n����۳�{y��Ѹ{Y�-����Ǐ������{���}A3���o?����q�ζ6b��ן힀E=�����������ź�`�X�/�`�Ε�Ŋ�8O�qp�O���˵_�����s��%���1�|�Ez;$�{{���wٽ9& 8�dK��~pv�n߾����(��f_.����%�s�w��P0q�Q|�|�y�‡�K�~0�.�L��&|�/87�,��>̼yH�E����p��;�1�:�8�b�X��K..����}sUv���ڑ���|Ç��Ͼ�|7v'/��@�� �LG�Y|Ĉ���ֺ؊1ɼ��t�����Ҍt�ŋ�_���������]����׷����������˽q�_ ����e��c���k���=.��7K�VZ�O����ۮ����#�+ui���]����7 ����x��G ��o���XG���� �f�7w�76�f ��哕;�;��W ֌n�����V�F�6cHW9�ڌ%�����`�Ƣ\�KC����z�����4����v�1I��ʜ?A�#I۲���31 . 4 0 obj ��Ё���S�:]µ��:0�\`y��]���nu��y���v�T��Aݎ���-(��s��cBA!��q��?7ܫ1��u��[�k\�_�~U� �f��q%AN�/\w� ��d;�P�?�� This sentence is too factual. <> In good academic writing, particularly scientific writing, particularly scientific writing, particularly scientific,. Accepted practice for hedging to be used extensively in good academic writing formality in writing there are also practice... 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