write an article on natural disaster

Quarrying, road construction, and other building activity in sensitive catchment areas add to the soil loss. This consists of the following elements: (i) The cyclone warning centre for originating the area code of the districts and disaster warning message; (ii) The earth station located near the cyclone warning centre with uplink facility in C-band and suitable communication links; (iii) The C/S band transponder on board INSAT; and. An undersea earthquake causes buckling of the sea floor, something that occurs at subduction zones, places where drifting plates that constitute the outer shell of the earth converge and the heavier oceanic plate dips below the lighter continents. Earthquake: An earthquake is the shaking or vibrating of the earth. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Somalia bore the brunt of the disaster that killed over 55,000 people. Afforestation in the catchment areas, along the river banks, helps in maintaining the effective river volume. Image Guidelines 5. The use of arches to span over openings is a source of weakness and should be avoided unless steel ties are provided. Proponents of this model have postulated that the entire Himalayan detachment would rupture in 180-240 years, the rupture being caused by a 8.0 M plus earthquake. To assist the Planning Commission in appraisal of projects, broad and generic guide­lines which are not disaster or theme specific have to be adopted. So all that is possible in that brief span is to warn the vulnerable sections of the population of the imminent danger and adopt measures to move them to safer cyclone withstanding structures. Because of the gradual change of the concrete forests of the cities, the groundwater can not be recharged in the ground. Above water landslides and objects in space are capable of disturbing the water when the falling debris, like meteorites, displace the water from its equilibrium position. Somewhat slower are the secondary, or S, waves which propagate transversely in the form of snakelike wriggles at right angle to the directions of travel. The majority of the earthquakes occur along plate boundaries.). On December 26, 2004 an earthquake struck coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The scale starts at one and has no upper limit. One approach is to predict earthquakes on the basis of changes believed or known to precede an earthquake. Cures are generally worse than the disease. Revise With the concepts to understand better. The parameters that are normally looked at include electrical resistivities, geomagnetic properties, variation in the ratio of compressional to shear wave velocities, etc. Thus earthquakes are the main causes of Tsunamis. It was in 1965, that the international warning system was started. Coping with any kind of disaster requires a disaster management plan in place. With decrease in speed, height of the tsunami wave grows. A tsunami is a series of travelling ocean waves which are set off by geological disturbances near the floor of the ocean. There is a flood due to excessive rainfall. There are many Natural disasters that damage the environment and the people living in it. Setting up of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) as an apex body responsible for laying down of policies, plans and guidelines on disaster management so as to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Severe tropical cyclones cause considerable damage to property and agricultural crops. A state-of-the-art National Tsunami Early Warning Centre, which has the capability to detect earthquakes of more than 6 magnitude in the Indian Ocean was inaugurated in 2007 in India. The human-activity-induced hazards like pollution and global warming have already started showing their precur­sors, giving sufficient time to control and avoid these hazards by long term planning. Devised by the American seismologist, Charles Francis Richter, in 1932, the Richter scale is not a physical device but a logarithmic scale based on recordings of seismographs, instruments which automatically detect and record the intensity, direction and duration of a movement on the ground. Disclaimer 9. Waves that move the fastest are called primary, or P, waves. x. Model-building by-laws for town and country planning legislations, land use zonation, development control legislations were finalised. These processes together create propagating waves. Richter magnitude effects are confined to the vicinity of the epicentre. Approximately, there is one every 87 seconds. The eye has an average radius of 20 to 30 km. Scientists have suggested designing buildings to counter quake movement by shifting the centre of gravity with the help of a steel weight placed on the top of the buildings. So tsunamis lose little energy as they propagate as they have a very large wavelength. This hypothesis forms the basis for the apprehension of the Tehri dam being subjected to earthquakes of this magnitude. Toothed joint causing a vertical plane of weakness between perpendicular walls. xii. According to the National Flood Commission, the country has fixed 40 lakh hectares of land as a flood prone area. Poor strength of material in tension-and shear. Moreover, this causes extreme damage to anything that comes in its way. Medium-scale disasters: Medium Scale disasters extend from 100 Kms to 500 Kms. Privacy Policy 8. are very important for disaster management. On hitting the satellite, the waves are reflected back to the observatory. Areas can be flooded inland to 305 metres or more; when tsunami waves retreat, they carry things and people out to sea. Using fast switching digital circuits, the return video is digitised, integrated, normalised and contoured into standard six or seven rainfall rates. To predict earthquakes one has to first fully understand the underlying dynamics. Interestingly, the frequency of tropical cyclones is the least in the north Indian Ocean regions of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea; they are also of moderate intensities. Water and climate disasters: cyclones, cyclones and storms, hail storms, gruesome heat and cold wave, avalanches, droughts, lightning, etc. This has led to a threat from a set of natural hazards like pollution, global warming and ozone depletion on large or global scale. We have to depend on existing links, many of which completely break down during the disaster. For, just a year later in 1976, the seismologists could not predict the Tangshan earthquake. The depth of the focus may be one factor. Causes: Tsunami is unlike normal eaves that occur due to the wind. The most intense earthquakes occur on the boundaries of the Indian plate to the east, north and west. Compared to the pre- monsoon season of May, June, when severe storms are rare, the months of October and November are known for severe cyclones. Stated simply, ‘an earthquake is a vehement shake of the earth from natural causes’. The long gravity tsunami waves are caused by two interacting processes. (iv) The INSAT-DWS receivers located in cyclone prone areas. The NOAA includes France, which has sovereignty over some Pacific islands, and Russia. Where two places converge or collide, a deep trench forms and one plate is deflected downwards into the asthenosphere which lies below the crust and the lithosphere. Going beyond the historical focus on relief and rehabilitation after the catastrophe, there is a need to look ahead and plan for disaster preparedness and mitigation. This belt represents the zone of moderate and shallow focus earthquakes—the reason for this being the creation of transform faults and fractures because of splitting of plates followed by their movement in the opposite direction. But a small chance of them being stronger in magnitude cannot be ruled out, in which case the first and aftershocks become known as foreshocks. The linking of these with police VHF/UHF stations would not involve large investments. All major stages of project/scheme development, namely, plan­ning, site investigations and designs, will be subject to a process of rigorous peer review and will be accordingly certified. Here we are providing Paragraph on Natural Disaster in English Langauge for student & competitive Examiner with various word boundaries such as 300, 500, 600 and 800 words, as per your requirement select the article. Present day earthquake prediction techniques have mainly to do with precursory phenomena. The environmental concerns of each project should be at the center of all development projects. Already in 1941, 1951, 1979, 1982 and 1987, the country has been under severe drought. Here is your comprehensive essay on Natural Disasters! For example, while seeding by sodium iodide crystals has been attempted in some parts of the world— with marginal success—a more effective prescription proposed sometimes is a nuclear explosion. Observations taken every ten minutes can be cumulatively added and averaged to give 24-hour rainfall prediction over the region. Natural disaster is a sudden occurrence of massive catastrophe in … As a result of immoral exploitation of nature, flooding in some parts of our country, while some parts suffer from drought. However, with sophisticated high-powered S-band radars, it is now possible to estimate the rainfall in an area of up to 200 km around the radar site. Due to the constant damage to the environment, the whole world is plagued with natural disasters and therefore we have to focus our attention on ways to prevent these instances. A recent study of Indonesian reefs showed that corals record cyclical environmental events and could predict a massive earthquake in the eastern Indian Ocean within the next 20 years. DART-type gauges will be installed by the government and it will join 26 countries in a network that warn each other about tsunamis. On the contrary, in earthquakes no proven methods has yet been evolved to give any prior warning and so post-hazard mitigation is the only alternative. Winners Do Everything in a Right Way - Story With Moral, List of Awards Given by Indian Government. Furthermore, because the intensity of shaking varies from one place to another during an earthquake, different Mercalli ratings can be given for the same earthquake. The destructive potential of any natural hazard is estimated basically by its spatial extent and severity. Ships of merchant fleet have meteorological instruments for taking observations at sea. People should take steps to get comprehensive insurance coverage for their houses and goods in lieu of the loss, after the occurrence of flood, earthquake, landslide, fierce fire or any other natural disaster. To deal with natural disasters in sensitive areas, sustainable mechanisms should be developed. It also provides for the preparation of National Disaster Management Plan by concerned Ministries and Departments. Generally, major quakes are followed by a larger number of aftershocks, decreasing in frequency with time. The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) recognised disaster management as a development issue for the first time. Some of them are earthquakes, cyclones, floods, Tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruption, and avalanches. These disasters make unbearable destruction. The NOAA has developed the ‘Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis’ (DART) gauge. A Natural disaster is an unforeseen occurrence of an event that causes harm to society. The member states of the NOAA include the major Pacific Rim countries in North America, Asia and South America, Pacific Islands, Australia and New Zealand. Specific developmental schemes for prevention and mitigation of disasters. A2. Super cyclone in Orissa in 1999 and the earthquake of Gujarat in 2001 was the most devastating in terms of the severity of the damage in the last decade of the century. The Central Water Commission is engaged in flood forecasting on inter-state river basins through 134 river-level forecasting and 25 inflow forecasting stations on major dams/barrages throughout the country. Then there is the piling up or lowering of sea surface as water moves in varying speeds in the direction that the wave form is moving. Causes: Avalanches takes places when there is a large accumulation of snow on the mountains. Natural disasters cause major damage to the environment, as well as harm to human life and property. Nowadays, computer-based hydrological models are being used for inflow and flood forecasting. Causes: These can cause of releasing of the energy. But then gravity acts to return the sea surface to its original shape. The National Institute for Disaster Management (NIDM) was established as the apex training institute for disaster management in India. The last one is the one feature that is most effective in ensuring the integrity of enclosures like a rigid box. Now learn Live with India's best teachers. This bill was enacted on December 23, 2005. II. PTWC has improved its performance rapidly as high-quality seismic data has been made available to it. Eruption can generate an impulsive force that displaces a large accumulation of snow falls down the slope of the may. 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