what does malcolm gladwell write about research

Those who are lateral thinking will see the value to having a “Magic Number.” It serves as a way of motivating those who otherwise would think they don’t have the innate ability, or that special “what it takes.” Well, in the case of the underdogs, everyone has access to at minimum “10,000 hours” so everyone has that chance to be successful. Not necessarily. And your comment has missed the point of the post, which is that 10,000 hours is not the number of hours that are needed – as shown by the studies that Gladwell misreports. However, “unbedingt” literally means “unthought” and our academic mistranslated the comment as “We considered it unthinkable that England would be our enemy”, completely reversing the meaning. We all have varying skill levels. His works, from Blink to The Tipping Point to Outliers would be impossible without his ability to research and find opportunities in data. A lot of times that means having wealthy parents, but like he talks about at the beginning of the book, Canadian Hockey players have a fortuitous birthday to thank, and Jewish lawyers have discrimination that pushed them into the dirtier side of their profession. If the number turns out to be 7 000 hours does it make this statement by Gladwell false? Very informative. Malcolm Gladwell is famous for his amazingly readable and shareable books that stem from his deep research in the social sciences. That is written with some level of sarcasm as even academic scholarship is prone to bias and statistics shaping to validate its own points. I am a visual learner and trying to comprehend a formula is difficult. And, as other commentators on Gladwell have pointed out, Ericsson’s 1993 study collected data from participants who already had enough musical skill to be accepted for study at a music academy. The second study emphasized the importance of  “serious study” in the development of elite chess players, as compared to time spent playing in tournaments and time spent with coaches. Now my teacher also taught me how to practice and that meant focusing on the bits where I was making mistakes and didn’t like that I used to avoid. Gladwell is asserting that although someone like Bill Gates appear to be self-made on his intelligence alone, upon close examination, he too had a helluva lot of help from his affluent upbringing , etc. I knew that this idea was popularized by writer Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers, but I didn’t know where he got the idea from or what it was based on. If we ALL agreed on a number (whatever the number) would we then be in support of Gladwell’s conclusions/theories/hypothesis? » BlogVein, #atozchallenge Z is for Zee Endz | Hunter's Writing, 10,000 or 20,000 hours? He then discusses Ericsson’s study, and points out that even prodigies such as Mozart had to put in a lot of developmental work to become exceptional. One is, I'm interested in collecting interesting stories, and the other is I'm interested in collecting interesting research. I want to thank you. ( Log Out /  What a relief! I have not yet read Gladwell’s book. The date the post was made is at the top of the page. John Brignell's The Epidemiologists [Amazon reviews / author's site] does just that. I read the Outlier and I thought it was odd that someone would be so definitive and if that was the case why weren’t more people successful since a lot of people have put in 10,000 practice hours into perfecting a specific skill. Obviously someone can get rich or be famous or popular without this rule, but to master a skill, that’s when it applies. Interesting article and the comments that it generated are just as thought provoking. play – any type of participation that was inherently enjoyable and had no explicit goal. All it took was persistence. The “outlier” then is the one who is fortunate enough to somehow achieve this number through family support, etc. Kind of like the book The Secret. ( Log Out /  Or maybe I do have some talent after all…. Whew! As an average. It’s completely unmeasurable because it’s impossible to allocate much of your activity to any one heading. Reblogged this on UWL – adm postgraduate blog and commented: For some reason, my mother could just pick up almost any piece of music and sight read it and I couldn’t do the same. 10,000 hours is the equivalent of 416 days, give or take a few hours. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Research. And if people can just blindly misinterpret scientific studies while still keeping the authority of supposed-science, then the value of real science – and real truth – is diminished. Reblogged this on Timothy L. Cerepaka's Blog and commented: My grandmother was child prodigy pianist Eunice Gardiner. Change ). I was up to 6573 hours and still not feeling successful at all. It is written by Dr. Fiona McQuarrie. He says that “to become a chess grandmaster also seems to take about ten years” and follows that with “Ten thousand hours is the magic number of greatness” (both on p. 41). I try to avoid making sweeping statements without knowing their basis and I’ve refrained from believing the ‘10,000 hour rule’ simply because it’s popular. This is a very general question, so this is a very general answer! What my mother didn’t count on my complete lack of interest at age four. Bill Gates and Bill Joy both had “special opportunities” due to when they were born, and also put in “extraordinary effort”, but the 10,000-hour figure isn’t linked to either of their accomplishments  – Gladwell even says that by his late teens Gates had “way past ten thousand hours” of experience in programming (p. 53). How Do I Become A True SharePoint Expert? My comment is more of a reaction to the comments, both in agreement and disagreement. So what information in the chapter supports the “10,000 hour” assertion? The number, 10,000 is merely the hook, the jingle, so to speak, to say that you got to put in your time. (For good measure, Milgram's Six Degrees theory, has subsequently been debunked since Tipping Point appeared. I wanted to run around and play. At the age of 16 back in the 1930s she won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London where she was dubbed “Melba of the piano”. Well, it’s not the list of rich people. More Thoughts on Adam Grant’s Controversial Article | All About Work, Malcolm Gladwell’s Weak Defense of the “10,000 Hour Rule” | All About Work, My Inspiration for 10,000 Hours of Writing | 10K Hours Writing, Who’s David, and Who’s Goliath? The study looked at the amount of time the members of each group spent on six chess-related activities. Great speakers have a good understanding of human nature, so include that time you got stood up, that time you got robbed, that time someone helped you home when you were drunk and all the time you spent calming a distraught friend. The opinions expressed are solely those of the author. Figures 9 and 12 in the paper demonstrate this; by age 18, the best violinists and the best pianists had accumulated an average of 7,410 hours and 7,606 hours of practice time respectively. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. As I’d never heard of him, but had heard of Malcolm Gladwell I thought I’d continue my research and then I found this article. Malcolm Gladwell, (born September 3, 1963, London, England), Canadian journalist and writer best known for his unique perspective on popular culture. That’s a shame for researchers such as Ericsson, who is clearly frustrated with inaccurate descriptions of his work – and it’s also a shame for people who want to get better at something they do, but are being misled about the most productive way to achieve that. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. His argument is the circumstances play a large role in who is successful. If you Google “10,000-hour rule” like I did, you can find some other very thoughtful discussions of why this rule isn’t a rule, and why 10,000 hours of activity in and of itself is not a recipe for success. Another influence on this thinking may be coming from Bruce Lee who said, “I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times” I’m quietly fuming over the commenters who seem to think that it’s okay if the 10,000 hours figure is inaccurate as long as it motivates people (I’d respond to them but don’t want to be the weirdo who responds to your comment 6 months after you posted it…). Your comments are missing the point of the post: Gladwell claims “10,000 hours is the magic number” and the studies that he cites as proving that do not say that. Sure, the numbers may not add up, but who cares if it’s 5000, 8000, or 10000? With the release of Talking to Strangers in September 2019, Gladwell has had six books published. His lessons are both important and timely; he will show you many “evergreen” facts that make up a hallmark of good inquisitive writing. His work in The New Yorker was appreciated by the readers and he gained recognition with two articles in particular, The Tipping Point and The Coolhunt, both written and published in 1996. It did not take into account talent, luck or that someone may have built on to another person initial work. I think it’s very irresponsible to distort Information and am now reconsidering whether or not I really want to read any of Gladwell’s books. Woops big time. If you do something long enough, you can’t help but get good at it. Are you saying I can master the use of chopsticks, packing a snowball, turning of a light, etc, etc in less then 10,000 hours??!! That’s before you get to the historical novelists…. Gladwell cited some very successful and wealthy people to apply this rule of his. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. grandmaster) player is on the order of 5000 hours” (p. 162). And if 10 000 is the average as you have quoted above then I’m happy to go with that. I’m going to look for into that concept. I understand the need for a writer to synthesize and summarize complex material, e.g. I find this quite interesting, especially the part about the type of work mattering. However, no matter what field they’re writing in or what audience they’re writing for, authors have a responsibility to accurately report their source material. Over time, I drifted far away from the piano and music and focused on my writing where I have no doubt exceeded my 1000,000 hours of practice. In the book, Gladwell seeks to find out what makes high-achievers different. So imagine my surprise when I Googled “10,000 hour rule” and found this very recent letter by K. Anders Ericsson, the lead author of the study that Gladwell cites as “Exhibit A”  in support of the “rule”. I read the blog and several comments. While I’ve researched it, again it seems to be very esoteric in nature. Also, thanks for posting the link to the original study by Ericsson. I find ways around it and have read books and essays that actually provide me with the visual I need to understand the concept. Thanks for producing it. Thank you for writing this!! What I'm looking for is cases where they overlap". I have to disagree with you, though, about your point about “that’s what all authors do”. Is that really all there is to it? There are vertical thinkers and lateral thinkers. On this boo-boo he built an entire theory that Britain had not made its intentions sufficiently clear to Germany, and if it had, the war might have never happened. Blink can help readers understand when thin-slicing is useful and when analytical thinking should be relied on instead. Personally I thought that the 10000 number was the most hopeful part of that book. Same with getting a quality education. (I’m not implying that you argued otherwise, because it’s beyond the scope of your post.). https://www.wired.com/story/gladwellian-review-malcolm-gladwell It’s the perfect course if you’re looking to be a better writer. Would it have made a difference if it was the 7000 hour rule (by the way Ericsson himself mentions that 10 000 hours was the average they found)? The point is not that you have to put 10,000 hours in to get somewhere it’s that to become exceptional at something you have to put in 10,000 hours. But note that Gladwell is sidestepping the question of whether 10,000 hours is the “magic number of greatness” as he claimed in Outliers. Gladwell could have done that himself using a bit of investigative research of his own - but he probably wouldn't have liked the conclusion.) Reblogged this on peakmemory and commented: I’ve written a post analyzing Gladwell’s New Yorker article here: Gladwell may be an intelligent person and deep thinker, but his arguments often mislead (I’m thinking also of the “Broken Windows” theory of policing, which he extolls in “The Tipping Point”), and in this case would seem to lack substance. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! I especially like the part about the different types of participation. Mere longevity is not proof of success, as proven by the fight we had this morning, one we’ve had on several occasions. The point is that Gladwell says this is a fact, supported by science, and people believe him, and it isn’t a fact! Thanks to Release for bringing this article to my attention. While I can appreciate that Gladwell is trying in some form or another to encourage the common folk to pursue their passions, I don’t know that I agree with the formula. Thanks for your comments! Another such quote was something like, “After 100 repetitions a punch is still a punch, after 1000, it becomes something more and after 10000, something else entirely.” I’ve no idea who this Gladwell chap is but clearly he’s just devised a set of statistics demonstrating that if you put enough time into something, chances are you’ll become quite good at it. After some discussion of the development of the hockey players profiled in the previous chapter, and telling more of Bill Joy’s story, he then discusses the development of the Beatles – who logged extensive hours of live shows in Hamburg, Germany, prior to becoming famous – and of Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who, through school and family connections, was able to get much more practice time on computers than the average teenager in the late 1960s. Expecting to magically become successful because I’ve put in 10 000 hours is ludicrous and it will only be my fault if I stop there and don’t do more. I read an article about this previously that explained the rule and found it rather obtuse. That isn’t wrong. Want to be successful? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. I appreciate this thoughtful post. Also, you once again supported Gladwell’s argument when you mentioned people who acheived success through familial inheritance, etc. A book by an academic on medieval English history refers to the role of Nottingham Castle at that time and notes that it stayed important for a long time as it was a key stronghold for the King in our 17th-century Civil War. My mother was my grandmother’s pupil and so it was expected and I say expected that I would follow in their footsteps and given an early start, my future was almost guaranteed. Here, he explains what those lessons mean to entrepreneurs. All material on this site is © Dr. Fiona McQuarrie and All About Work, 2012-2020. Some even note that, even genius, requires practice. Since one of Gladwell’s other interviewees in Outliers says “I always feel that the closer you get to the original sources, the better off you are” (p. 113), let’s look at the original sources to see what these studies actually found. : Malcolm Gladwell and His Critics | All About Work, “All About Work” is Taking a Holiday Break | All About Work, All About Work’s Second Birthday | All About Work, Spurious Correlations, or, Why Nicolas Cage Must Not Make Any More Movies | All About Work, The Return of Jonah Lehrer | All About Work, The platitude of Excellence | drowningintheshallow, TIPPING POINTS? Or does the author disagree with the fundamental findings? In that quote, as I read it, Gladwell is talking about two things: that it takes a long time to learn to do something well, and that even exceptionally talented people usually need the right support and the right circumstances to succeed. Gladwell states in this article that his work “is not going to be as rigorous and as carefully argued and complete as an academic work, because [it’s] popular non-fiction” (p. 398). So to do this you needed to spend many hours learning your mother tongue, its grammar and a fairly wide vocabulary – so most of your waking life up to the age of five counts as do school classes in English/Russian/Hindi/Yoruba. Secondly I doubt that Gladwell was proposing that you spend 10 000 at something and become successful at it as if it was a magic number. Ericsson and his co-authors looked at three kinds of participation: For both the pianists and the violinists, the amount of deliberate practice, in comparison to the amount of other types of participation in the activity, and the “optimal distribution of deliberate practice….to avoid exhaustion and burnout” (p. 400) had the strongest effects on reaching an elite level of performance. This is a well written and informative piece. I don’t stop. If I don’t work hard cos I expect my good quality education to deliver my success on the platter I’ll have only myself to blame. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Dr. Fiona McQuarrie and All About Work with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. The 10,000-hour figure seems to be based on two cited sources:  the study Ericsson co-authored, and a study of chess players which is cited (on p. 289) as discussing Bobby Fischer as an “exception to the rule”. | Chadwick's Blog & Commentary, Writers’ corner: How long will it take? I have now applied what I’ve learned through taking on the violin and I’m teaching my Fur Elise. 10000 hours appears to be a threshhold number- it’s obvious that some passed this number by a lot, and some can achieve it in less hours if the quality of time is improved–again which supports Gladwell’s argument anyways since he is saying its the practice and not the intelligence. This philosophic approach has to do with dedicating oneself to the art at hand. Following these principles, I have achieved an A in my preliminary exam which is a long way from playing at Carnegie Hall (where my grandmother played by the way) but I am on my way. Recently I’ve been seeing a lot of references to the “10,000 hour rule” – the idea that you need to spend 10,000 hours on an activity to be successful at it. Gladwell’s books include The Tipping Point, Blink and Outliers; Ariely’s titles include Predictably Irrational and The Upside of Irrationality. There are people that say to themselves, Hey wait a minute, that doesn’t add up, and go deeper… equally ok and no less liberating. Read and you make the call. Gladwell starts the chapter with the story of computer programmer Bill Joy, who cofounded Sun Microsystems. For example, say you’ve become a brilliant maker of inspiring speeches. In addition to the 14 people Gladwell focuses on, there are 16 people on the same list who got their wealth from having a title, getting an inheritance, or owning part of a family-controlled company –  which suggests that not everyone who is successful gets there by logging 10,000 hours of effort. | Jill London, Why Men Need Women: To Call Them Out? The 10,000 hour rule is obvious nonsense. Exactly! The problem: it’s only half true.”, http://www.delanceyplace.com/view_archives.php?2428, Reblogged this on Jack Foehammer and commented: But there’s another important component of the study’s findings that Gladwell skims over, despite it being prominently featured in the article’s title: the type of hours spent on the activity. The players in both studies spent time in other chess-related activities as well as in “serious study” – but nothing totalling or approximating 10,000 hours of any kind of effort is reported in the study. No one is well served by this kind of misinformation. Otherwise you could find that the actual practice in public speaking, including speech preparation, amounted to about thirty hours, not 10,000. Now, the renowned storyteller and best-selling author of Blink and The Tipping Point is teaching his first online writing class. But they did not find that 10,000 hours was the “magic number of greatness” that Gladwell claims. You either had it or you didn’t. “In cognitively demanding fields, there are no naturals. Thanks for reading the post and for your comments. So I got Outliers from my local public library, and read Chapter 2, “The 10,000-Hour Rule”, to see how Gladwell explained 10,000 hours as the key to success. In other words, it wasn’t the accumulated number of hours that determined success, but the types of activities those hours were devoted to, and how these were allocated across time and balanced with other uses of time such as leisure and sleep. I don’t know how old this post is but I think you are seeing the trees of Gladwell’s argument and not the forest. The Observer Malcolm Gladwell Stating the obvious, but oh so cleverly In investigating what sets geniuses apart, is Malcolm Gladwell also asking what makes him so … I still remember hating hating to sit still at the piano. More on the Malcolm Gladwell controversy. Gladwell’s first assignment at The New Yorker was to write a piece on fashion. The Law of Attraction craze that followed and many people do not really understand the concept at all. A cursory read of Outliers realises it’s a nice light read but that’s all. His works, from Blink to The Tipping Point to Outliers would be impossible without his ability to research and find opportunities in data. Great post – and Delancey Place also wrote about this very topic: DP writes “”The ‘10,000-hour rule’ — that this level of practice holds the secret to great success in any field — has become sacrosanct gospel, echoed on websites and recited as litany in high-performance workshops. deliberate practice – training designed to improve performance; work – any type of participation motivated by external rewards, such as pay; and. time spent aiming to improve the skill) over a protracted period. Affinity has a point. 25 years of marriage amounts to 218,700 hours. When asked for the process behind his writing, he said: "I have two parallel things I'm interested in. Great post. writers get things wrong or can’t be bothered to justify their facts, have conducted a meta-analysis on the published research on deliberate practice and skill acquisition, The statistics behind start up success | Coldstreams.com, “All About Work” Is Taking a Holiday Break | All About Work. And if “Outliers” can get people’s butts off their chairs and start running towards their goals, I don’t think I would fret over this. I’ve often wondered how you keep track of those 10,000 hours anyway. if anything, Gladwell gives some hope to every nobody who had average IQ but who has the passion and motivation to plug in 10000 hours of quality or non-quality practice. I agree with you here. If a day has 24 hours, and a year has 365 days, then one year has 8,760 hours. He adeptly treaded the boundary between popularizer and intellectual. B But nevertheless, Gladwell used the 1993 study as the basis for his “10,000-hour rule” and what he claimed the study says is not what the study says. MALCOLM GLADWELL COULD USE A FEW | All About Work, All About Work’s Third Birthday | All About Work, Becoming a social media pro doesn't require all 10,000 hours - Biznology, All About Work’s Holiday Break | All About Work, Is The Information Accurate? In 24 lessons, the author of Blink and The Tipping Point teaches you how to find, research, and write stories that capture big ideas. Everyone is catching the critical issue, that there is no magic number but that practice is essential to mastery. In both groups,”cumulative hours of serious study alone…was the single most important predictor of a player’s current chess rating” (p. 161). Gladwell’s books include The Tipping Point, Blink and Outliers; Ariely’s titles include Predictably Irrational and The Upside of Irrationality.. My husband has, and he was unimpressed. The study by Ericsson and his co-authors looked at two groups of musicians – violinists and piano players – and how practice contributed to their level of achievement. MasterClass Writing Lesson Online with Malcolm Gladwell Review The research he has put in to churn one masterpiece after the other for The New Yorker makes him worth listening to and learning from. ( Log Out /  Naturally, this piqued my interest. As I got older, I learned the piano but was frustrated. In The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell details the “broken windows” theory. (Credit: Robbert van der Steeg via flickr.com, Creative Commons). I knew that this idea was popularized by writer Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers, but I didn’t know where he got the idea from or what it was based on. An English academic who was rather proud of his German was reading some German sources on the outbreak of the First World War and came on a German general saying, “Wir rechneten unbedingt mit England als Fremd.” (We took it for granted that England would be our enemy). allaboutwork.org/2013/09/22/malcolm-gladwells-weak-defense-of-the/‎. We all learn differently. Duke University behavioral economist Dan Ariely and New Yorker writer Malcolm Gladwell have both made significant contributions to the public’s understanding of social science research. 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